The Secret of the Ages Reveled! 
How the Great Pyramid was Built
 based on the information and discoveries of Edward Kunkel
Page 2 of 2
 
 
The above image is for reference. 
At this point in the construction, the base had been leveled using water as a guide. Every thing was ready for the first row of casing stones to be set in place.  How would YOU bring 16 ton stones from across the river, that are already on barges to the site of the Great Pyramid?
Evidence indicates that a series of locks from the Nile to the building site were created to move the stones up form the river to the building site.
These series of water locks brought the first level of casing stones up to the site.  The locks worked just as the water locks work in the Panama Canal.  The subterranean cuttings which are a colossal hydraulic ram supply the needed water for the locks.
Note about above image:  No, it is not to exact scale, it is just a simple computer image to get the ideas of this stage of construction clearer. No, the image is not a perfect representation of the exact placement of every element of this stage of construction but it should help give an idea as to the process of construction. If you are an artist and would like to make a series of illustrations to replace these primitive ones, let me know.
Above is a rough image of the building site with the first layer of casing stones.  The main thing to see is that the sides of the Great Pyramid "bend inward."  Or to put it another way, the sides of the great pyramid have a crease from the apex down to the center of the base of each side.  The Great Pyramid of Giza has 8 sides!  This is a must because of the hydrostatic pressure of the water inside the pyramid.  Each side bends inward against the pressure of the water inside of the pyramid just as a dam like Hoover Dam bends towards the force of the water it holds back.  The drawing below also shows this feature of the Great Pyramid.

Below are some excerpts from the book Pharaoh's Pump.

The handling of such huge precision-cut masterpieces, demands absolute control of the handling medium. - This fact is a superlative, MUST. If a rectangular trench were cut inside the casing stone base, so as to form a moat, the base would then resemble, a tow-path alongside a canal.  A barge with brackets on the side to carry the block could be floated to location in the moat; then lowered into place by draining the moat.  Thus; a 16 ton block could be moved and set; as gently as mother lays a sleeping babe in a crib.

After the ditch was filled, the builders could move stone laden barges freely about in the pool, and go about their Pyramid building in a big way.
The completion of the first course of casing stones formed a rectangular enclosure, in  which water could be impounded, and the bottom of the moat became a foundation for the back-up blocks.

 

Herodotus said:  "… they raised the remaining stones to their places by means of machines formed of short wooden planks.  The first machine raised them from the ground to the top of the first step, on this there was another machine, which received the stone on its arrival, and conveyed it to the second step, whence a third machine advanced it still higher."  
Another translator of Herodotus offers this translation.
"They made it first in the shape of stairs, and lifted up the stones that remained with engines made of short timbers.  From the ground they raised them to the first range of stairs; when the stone came up ot this, it was set in another engine that stood on the first range, and drawn up from this to the second range; and thence by another engine to the third, for there were as many engines as there were ranges of stairs… or per-adventure there was only one engine . . ."  
Here is a variation of the two translations.  In the first, the word, "machine" is used, while in the second, the word, "engine."  But the gist of the translations are identical.
In modern usage, the words, 'engine' and 'machine' are often used synonymously. - And it may be here, that in the translation of the ancient Greek, the meaning of these two words, are even more closely allied.
For example; The dictionary defines the word, catapult as, "an ancient engine of war."
By a physicist's definition, a catapult is not an engine of war, but a machine of war.  An engine uses fuel directly to make it go.
More than 100 years ago, Ohio built an elaborate system of canals.  Even today, in the vicinity of Akron, century old water-locks are in operation.  Nowadays, pleasure craft pass through them.  The lock-gates are made of wooden planks about eight feet long, - These locks are truly machines, - They are water elevators. - A floating body can be raised or lowered in them. - They are made of stone, and SHORT WOODEN PLANKS. - I believe that the machines Herodotus described was a series of water-locks.
Elsewhere in the same volume, he tells of seeing an old dry-dock, which was used by King Necos to repair damaged war vessels. Here is the joker. How can anyone build a dry-dock and not use a water-lock? Nix, say I.
Comparatively recent excavations have exposed the cutting of a giant rock-hewn stairway with huge risers, ascending from the basin to the top of the knoll. This cutting has the basic characteristics of the remains of a series of water-locks, although every vestige that would indicate water-locks, is gone.
As they are today, these stairs are too wide to be of practical use as water-locks, but if a wall were built in the center of the steps, thus dividing the stairway in two, the result would be two narrower sets of stairs.
If appropriate masonry were placed in this divided stairway together with pairs of water-gates made of wooden planks, and water pumped into the locks; they would be in business ready to take stone laden barges up one set of locks, while the empties came down through the other. - I believe that this stairway is part of the 60 foot roadway described by Herodotus.
I do not know the exact dimensions of this gigantic stairway hewn in the living rock.  I know nothing of the size of the treads, nor the height of the risers.
I saw a picture of this stairway.  It was taken from a plane. As I recall, there were four treads and three risers.
A friend of mine, John Woodward, who toured Egypt five years ago, said; that, "the accepted explanation for this cutting was to extract blocks for structural use in the pyramids."
Must I add, that I never believed this explanation for a moment, because the cutting is too precise, to neat, and too regular.
If the ancients were quarrying blocks alone, the sides, the treads, and the risers would have been left rough, and uneven. - then too, nearby there is to this day, piles of broken rock which could have come from the cutting of this stairway. - Besides, a lock system is necessary to raise loaded barges from the plane to the base of the Pyramid.
These step-like cuttings have been filled in to make an asphalt roadway.  The roadway is approximately 60 feet wide. - We stepped it off.  An accurate measurement was impossible due to heavy traffic.  I believe it is part of the 60 foot roadway referred to by Herodotus.  It enters the basin from the northwest corner.  The catch basin has been filled in to make a parking lot.
The catch basin as Herodotus observed is about 100 feet above the flood plain.  It is rectangular.  Its walls are very steep, made of stone laid up dry, and vine covered. - The walls are not parabolous as shown in Perring's map, dated 1839. Perhaps these stone walls are modern, a sort of a tidying up job.


 

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