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Author's Note The extraordinary power of atmospheric pressure was discovered in 1654. It was then that Otto Guericke carried out his famous experiment with two hemispheres. Even sixteen horses could not succeed in pulling them apart. Another time he exhausted the air from a copper cauldron but the terrific exterior pressure crumpled it as though it were a piece of paper. A short while ago, a water sprout was observed at Santos in Brazil, and the bathers on the beach were able to witness this spectacle. Several tons of water were seen to rise to a great height and then fall back again. If a ship had been passing at that moment, it would have been sucked several hundred feet into the air. This was merely the effect of an area of low pressure, not an absolute vacuum. This phenomenon is caused by a whirly wind which spins the air molecules at great speed, thus creating a semi-vacuum at the centre by virtue of the centrifugal force. As the atmospheric pressure is exerted on the whole of the surface area of the sea, a tremendous volume of water rises up into the low-pressure area. Toricelli, the notable Italian physicist, found that atmospheric pressure acting on the surface of the Earth was equal to 76 cm. of mercury in his tube. Given that 1 cu. cm. of water weighs 1 gr. and that mercury is 136 times heavier than water, he concluded that the atmospheric pressure per cm.2 should be 136 gr. x 76 cm., which gives 033 kg. per cm. This, however, is the pressure at sea level only. For every 10 m. above sea level, the height of the column of mercury decreases by i mm. In theory, atmospheric pressure should cease to exist at a height of 76 km. However, physics will need to revise its calculations as air currents have been observed at about this height. Air currents parallel to the Earth's surface give the upper layers of the atmosphere a considerable degree of support, especially when we remember that these layers move at a speed of some 1400 m.p.h., or faster than a jet plane. If these currents did not exist, we would be crushed by the terrific atmospheric pressure. So that in whatever part of the atmosphere a saucer is, there is a considerable atmospheric pressure available for propulsion, its speed will depend on the degree of vacuum it happens to be wing. To give you some idea of the power of atmospheric pressure at 1.033 kg. per cm.2: there is a pressure of almost 500 kg. now acting on the page of this book. A man can slide a weight of several hundred kilograms over a smooth surface, and can move several thousand kilograms floating in water. However, no one has ever been able to lift a weight of 500 kg. unaided, and even in water our large ships only displace a few thousand tons. On the other band, a saucer 20 m. diameter can develop a lift of more than 3 million kg., producing an absolute vacuum on its upper surface. If its diameter were increased to 60 in., the lift obtained from the atmospheric pressure would reach the incredible total of 29 million kg. There is thus nothing on Earth to equal this force. If such a craft were built on Earth it would completely revolutionise our transport system. Such a fantastic power, enough to lift a skyscraper into the air, would make our large cargo ships look insignificant, for not only do these craft have an enormous carrying capacity, but they can also move at the speed of lightning without needing landing fields. We would not even have any further use for cranes. There is no great difficulty involved in the production of an exterior vacuum. For reasons of security we are not permitted to give all the information that was imparted by the captain of the flying saucer. If anybody were to use the system as here described, he would get nowhere because there is also another important factor involved, apart from the high voltage and current and the anti-cathode plates which we mentioned. The known effects produced by cathode rays are as follows: (1) They produce fluorescence in bodies with which they come into contact. (2) They are deflected by a magnetic field. (3) They are attracted by the positive plate of a condenser. (4) They penetrate matter enabling one to "see" through it. (5) They decompose the elements that make up the atmosphere. (6) They discharge bodies carrying an electric charge. Now that we know the principle by which saucers move, we can explain the various phenomena connected with their sightings. The light that has been seen round them at night depends on the degree of vacuum. By varying the vacuum the colour is also changed. The flakes that have been seen to fall when flying saucers pass over are a precipitate of nitrogen. The nitrogen, by the action of currents, falls from the atmosphere and settles on the ground. The luminous wake which saucers leave is a result of the ionisation by cathode rays. After their passage, there must be an intense molecular disturbance of the air, which would appear to the observer like a vapour trail. There is no friction between the saucer and the atmosphere, however quickly it moves. It always moves through a tunnel of low pressure. All a saucer would have to do to destroy one of our aircraft would be to get close enough for the aircraft to come within the area of low pressure round the saucer, and then suddenly change the direction of the vacuum which would release the full atmospheric pressure on to the aircraft. This would smash it to pieces. This is what happened to Captain Mantell. When he was pursuing the saucer he got into the low-pressure area that was maintaining the saucer in the air. After he had gone through this area, he ran up against the wall of atmospheric pressure on the opposite side, and was shattered to pieces. He probably died when passing through the vacuum created by the saucer and may never have been aware of the disintegration of the plane. This was certainly not done intentionally by the people in the saucer, and could only have been an accident. It is apposite to mention certain other details of the functioning of the saucer, based on the cathode ray method of propulsion. Gassiot, in the middle of the nineteenth century, made the first unsuccessful attempts to pass electricity through rarefied gases. After him, Plucker invented the tube which was later used by Geissler for his experiments, from which the name "Geissler tubes" is derived. Other scientists of world fame, like Crookes, also carried out experiments with considerable success, which resulted in considerable progress in the field of physics. In a Geissler tube the atmospheric pressure is reduced to between 1 and 3 mm. of mercury. If the tube contains air and the anode and cathode ends of it are put into contact with the positive and negative poles of a high tension electric current, the whole tube lights up with a violet light, with the exception of a space at the cathode end where the light is blue and separated from the remaining violet light by a dark band. Various effects are brought about by changing the gas pressure inside the tube, such as the appearance of dark bands which are known as Faraday bands; the disintegration of gas molecules, liberating hydrogen; changes in the colour of the light to green, yellow, red, etc. Crookes succeeded in proving the mechanical action of cathode rays by bombarding rotary blades with them and setting them in motion. Similar experiments with spheres painted black produced the same result. There was, however, one great difficulty which dogged the steps of science: cathode rays could not leave the tube of rarefied air since they were incapable of passing through any substance. The scientists asked themselves what effect cathode rays had on the ordinary atmosphere. It was then that Lenard, Nobel prize winner in physics in 1905, working on Hertz' previous experiments, made an aluminium "window" on the opposite side to the cathode which projected the rays outside the tube where they could be studied with ease. He proved that these "Lenard rays" could be propagated in the atmosphere as easily as in the rarefied air of the tube, causing atmospheric phenomena of a similar nature. He proved that the passage of electrons through the dense air of the atmosphere appeared to open up a tunnel giving rise to strong ionisation of the particles with considerable air turbulence and luminous effects which varied according to the voltage used. However, he could not completely comprehend the nature of the phenomena as he did not know that they were the result of a disturbance in the atmosphere and ether. The most important thing as far as we are concerned, is to know whether or not jonisation causes a drop in atmospheric pressure. It is now well known from meteorology that heavy ions cause low pressure, they often bring about devastating cyclones. It is known that the emission of a single particle of medium velocity can produce in the first centimetre of its trajectory through the atmosphere as many as 24,400 ions. The number gradually increases as the particle proceeds along its trajectory. Even using a low voltage the electrons moved through space at a speed of between 25,000 and 50,000 miles per second. Later it was observed that by using 250,000 volts 'the elctrons moved at 150,000 miles per second. In one experiment 900,000 volts was used, but the speed of the electron was not noted. It is also well known that the higher the voltage used, the greater is the number of ions produced, sometimes as many as 2 million ions appearing in the first centimetre of the electron's trajectory. Subsequent experiments showed that the electrons emanating from cathode ray tubes could break down the atmosphere and set free hydrogen which then also became ionised. It may well be that these rays break the atmosphere down completely, and set free the nuclei, which they subsequently join up with, thus producing the amount of hydrogen that has been observed. Madame Curie was able to calculate the speed of ions as 1.3 cm. per electron volt in dense atmosphere, and 6.7 cm. per electron volt when the ionic movement took place in pure hydrogen. This shows that a high voltage would result in a higher electron speed and that in the upper atmosphere the speed would be greater. The vacuum creating effect is, however, not strictly due to the intrinsic speed of the ion, but to the atmosphere's ability to absorb ionised particles. While negative ions are absorbed by the atmosphere, the positive ones move towards the negatively charged surface of the saucer, at which point the electrons pass into the vacuum. In an ordinary cathode ray tube the electric current reaches a saturation point which shows that all the atmospheric particles contained within the tube have been ionised. This is due to the limited amount of electrolyte within the confines of the tube. In the case of the flying saucer the electrolyte is made up of the whole atmospheric envelope of the Earth which never reaches saturation point. The ionised "bubble" surrounding the saucer is attracted and absorbed by the surrounding atmosphere with tremendous force and in its place only a vacuum is left, into which the saucer moves, impelled by the atmospheric pressure of 1.033 kg. per cm2. The reader may ask how the saucer can stop in space. The question is a pertinent one because if an inexperienced saucer pilot were to cut off the current, the atmosphere would immediately fill the vacuum, generating sufficient heat to vaporise the saucer and produce a tremendous explosion. Any short circuit would be equally disastrous. There are, however, various means by which a saucer can be brought to a standstill. One is by a magnetic effect which deflects electrons, but we would prefer not to talk about this here. The chief means, however, is to create a vacuum on the other side of the saucer as well, preventing the atmosphere from exerting pressure on the craft. There is another way this is done which we would like to outline to the reader, but it involves the whole question of the automatic production of propulsive power for the saucer itself. In the previous chapter we mentioned various systems of producing energy but we refrained from mentioning the principal one, which we have now decided to include in this book to add to its authenticity. This is not a perpetual motion system which some people might suppose. Energy for the saucer can be extracted from the atmosphere itself, ensuring constant uninterrupted mobility. We saw that it was not the movement of ions themselves that produced the vacuum, but the atmosphere's ability to absorb them, which corresponds to the electric potential of the atmosphere. If the end of an insulated wire is heated, anything from 6o to 6oo volts are developed for every metre that the wire is raised above ground level. This gives some idea of the magnitude of this potential. More energy is obtained from the effect of atmospheric pressure on the craft than is required to create the vacuum. An electric motor is an example of this type of operation. The motor will not work without an electromagnet to create the magnetic field; but the electromagnet is made of soft iron and has no latent magnetism. If a current is passed through it, the motor begins to turn under the action of the current. The current supplied to the electromagnet is not proportional to the effect obtained by the rotation of the motor. The electromagnet in this illustration performs the same function as the ionised particles which merely supply the atmosphere with the means by which absorption takes place. Another illustration we can give is the fission of uranium. The energy used is only the minimal amount required to bring two masses of uranium dose enough to cause their explosion. The presence of one produces an excitation in the other and immediately a chain reaction is set off. These illustrations help us to understand how saucers obtain their energy automatically without confusing this process with perpetual motion. Many people who have seen saucers have observed that most of them, but not all, have a hollow tube running through their centre. Inside this there is an air turbine. If some 3oo,oOo kg. of pressure is sufficient to move a saucer of zo m. diameter, and the available pressure exceeds 3 million kg., there is a considerable margin of surplus energy. The air pressing against one side of the saucer rushes through the vent into the area of the vacuum and creates a strong current that actuates the blades of the turbine. In a "tunnel" of air 4 metre in diameter, pressure on the turbine blades would be equal to 130 tons, that is, the pressure of a jet of water of i sq. metre falling from 130 m. The current of air thus produced would be sufficient to suck a man into it from 100 yd. away. If a saucer with its turbine working were to pass over a tree, the movement of the air currents would strip off its branches. The energy thus obtained would be sufficient to keep a dozen factories going. This is the way in which the inhabitants of other planets generate the electrical energy they require without using waterfalls, which are preserved for their natural beauty. The air that goes in one side rushes into the vacuum and is there immediately ionised and absorbed by the atmosphere. Thus there is always a small layer of atmosphere close to the saucer. When the saucer wants to stop, the emission of Lenard rays is decreased and this atmospheric layer gradually increases until it joins up with the adjacent atmosphere. Any violent collisions between the particles that might occur would take place away from the surface of the saucer, giving it complete structural protection. At first sight it might seem absurd to make a tunnel to utilise atmospheric pressure, yet what is a chimney but a vertical tunnel which makes use of a difference in atmospheric pressure? It may well be that many people before us have looked at the power in waterfalls with wonder, but considered it impossible to use as the pressure was only exerted in one direction. One day, however, someone must have realised that a paddle-wheel could be used to transform this power. When it came to the question of exploiting the expansive forces of gases, even the most renowned scientists ridiculed the idea of using this uncontrollable force, until an unqualified mechanic constructed the first motor utilising this difference of energy potential by the use of pistons. The same thing happened with steam; orthodox science, having looked into the idea, decreed that the machine would not move. In spite of this edict, great liners now proudly plough the seven seas. In 1934 the erudite American C. C. Furnas wrote about atomic energy, saying that any attempt to exploit the energy contained in the nucleus would be doomed to failure because the energy derived from its disintegration would be less than that required to bring the disintegration about. Eleven years later, atomic power terrorised multitudes and today keeps the world in a state of panic. It often happens that the effect is many times greater than the cause. When mixing chlorine with water a small ray of light is sufficient to detonate the mixture and convert it into energy. The small amount of energy contained in a fuse cup or detonator is sufficient to send a projectile several miles. The same thing happens with the inexhaustible energy available to a saucer. The atmospheric ionisation on one side gives rise to a fantastic pressure on the other. It is the detonator that unleashes a cyclone behind the saucer. What we are stating is not a pipe dream, but something quite practicable, the result of observation in low which more advanced beings than ourselves have used with complete success. The author of this book does not claim any exclusivity with regard to this knowledge, as it is certain that other men on Earth also possess it. It is only that they will always refuse to reveal what they know, for fear of vested interests, or because they have been sworn to secrecy by certain philosophical orders, whose existence everyone is aware of. The whole world, the pattern of life of nations, commercial interests, governments, frontiers, in fact everything could be transformed by the exploitation of this atmospheric energy. Cars would lose their raison d'etre and there would be no further need for roads or railways, nor for large port installations or ships. The ownership of land would cease to exist. The head of a family could put his house on wings and move about in space visiting any part of the world he wished, with his whole household and without, it should be noted, having to give any explanation to officious Customs officers, unless aerial barriers are set up. Governments would not be in a position to impose crushing taxes, and without taxes there would be no armies to make wars to plague us. The flying saucer could be used to destroy humanity, but it could also lead to man's complete liberation and the release from the "patriotic" chains that bind him, and the reinstatement of his right to direct his own life which a misguided social order deprived him of, leading him by various isms to a criminal and unbrotherly clash of interests. The petroleum reserves of Earth are running out, fissionable material will one day come to an end and with deforestation, rivers and waterfalls will dry up, but atmospheric pressure will always be there. God gave man inexhaustible wealth to be exploited as the evolution of life and intelligence proceed. Before we were created, He prepared our table with our "daily bread." In our intellectual blindness we cannot discern the laden table and, famished, pray that He should satisfy our hunger. Nature, however, wellnigh revolted by such stupidity, pushes into our mouth things which we have only to stretch forth our hands to get. It is infuriating to us proud members of modem Western civilisation, lords of fire and thunder, with the exalted title of homo sapiens, that individuals from other planets, whose very existence we had until recently disbelieved, should have to teach us how to use atmospheric energy to save ourselves from dying of atmospheric pollution or becoming cannibals. If we do not, strictly speaking, eat each other's flesh, we live on the sweat of the poor in a disgraceful and unjust society, which progress will one day have to supplant; unless we kill ourselves off in a hydrogen war before that happens. We would rather not say anything about the electronic fluid discussed by the captain of the flying saucer. The malevolence of humanity is enough to discourage anyone and turn to stone the most friendly of hearts. Man's antecedents prove his intentions. All that has been achieved to date has been used to further his murderous, dominating and imperialist spirit. Santos Dumont, one of those beings without parallel, who only grace this world once in a century, sought in death an escape from his conscience for having given wings to man, while in the depths of his soul there was only love and desire for progress. In wishing to make man into an angel he forgot that we were not men but wild beasts. He gave wings to vipers. This kindly soul, doubtless used to living among the immortals in a glorious homeland far from Earth, did not realise that what was progress for good people was, for us, a calamity without parallel. He would never have made his invention into a weapon of mass murder. If Pasteur had dreamed that his discovery would one day give rise to bacteriological warfare, he would rather have taken his knowledge to the grave; if Galvani could have foreseen the electric chair he would have preferred not to have exposed himself to ridicule by asserting that frogs' legs could be made to twitch; Marconi would certainly have committed suicide had he foreseen that radio could be used for the remote control of missiles which in future war could destroy life on Earth; Curie and his wife would never have revealed radioactivity to the world had they been able to foresee the fate of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It is not necessary to state how a flying saucer can leave the Earth. If, one day, higher beings more advanced than ourselves see in man a sufficient greatness of soul to reach up to them, they will come to meet us and aid us in the great journey through space. It is not up to the humble author of this book to tell the world the why and wherefore of things. Others who do not belong to the Earth will discharge this duty. On that day the condor will come down from the Andes, not only to visit us earthworms of the lowlands, but to give us wings powerful enough to make the return journey to the Andes. May this day not be far distant!